The Clot Thickens

The Clot Thickens

The cholesterol hypothesis driving heart disease is inherently flawed. Atherosclerosis stems from blood clots, not cholesterol accumulation. Endothelial damage and dysfunction lie at the core of cardiovascular disease. Psychological stress and HPA axis dysfunction markedly elevate CVD risk. Diabetes and insulin resistance significantly fuel cardiovascular disease. Environmental factors, such as air pollution, contribute to endothelial damage. Lifestyle choices can safeguard the endothelium and lower CVD risk. Specific supplements and therapies may provide cardiovascular benefits. Socioeconomic factors critically influence cardiovascular health.